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How Different Types of Braces Work: Traditional Braces vs Aligners
Orthodontic treatment is designed to straighten teeth and correct bite issues by applying controlled pressure over time. While all orthodontic solutions follow the same biological principles, the way that pressure is delivered differs between conventional braces and clear aligners.
Understanding how different types of braces work can help you choose the option that best suits your dental needs, lifestyle, and treatment goals.
How Traditional Braces Work
Traditional braces are fixed orthodontic appliances made up of brackets, archwires, and, in many cases, elastics. Together, these components apply steady, controlled pressure to the teeth, guiding them into proper alignment over time through a natural process known as bone remodelling.
When braces apply pressure to a tooth, the bone on one side compresses while new bone forms on the other. This allows the tooth to move gradually and safely without damaging the surrounding structures. The archwire plays a key role in directing this movement and is adjusted or replaced during regular appointments to continue guiding the teeth into their ideal positions.
Types of Traditional Braces
Metal Braces: Metal braces are the most traditional type of braces. Small metal brackets are attached to the teeth and connected by an archwire. They are highly effective for correcting mild to severe alignment issues and are often recommended for complex cases.
For cases where bite alignment needs correction, elastics (small rubber bands) are added to the braces. These elastics connect the upper and lower teeth, applying additional directional force to help correct issues such as overbites, underbites, and crossbites. Because elastics only work when worn as instructed, consistent use is essential for effective treatment.
Ceramic Braces: Ceramic braces work in the same way as metal braces but use tooth-coloured or clear brackets that blend in with natural teeth. They are less noticeable than metal braces, but good oral hygiene is important to prevent staining around the brackets.
Lingual Braces: Lingual braces function like traditional braces but are placed on the inner surface of the teeth, making them hidden from view. They apply controlled pressure from behind the teeth and are effective for a wide range of orthodontic concerns. Some people may need time to adjust to speaking and eating comfortably.
How Invisible Braces Work
Invisible braces (also called clear aligners) straighten teeth using a series of custom-made, removable trays that fit snugly over the teeth. In some cases, small tooth-coloured attachments are bonded to the teeth to help the aligners grip better and apply more precise force.
Each aligner applies gentle pressure to specific teeth, gradually moving them into the planned position. They are typically worn for one to two weeks before switching to the next set. Because aligners are removable, they can be taken out to eat, drink, brush, and floss, making them a convenient option for many people.
Traditional vs Invisible Braces
Both traditional braces and aligners are effective orthodontic treatments, but they work best in different situations:
- Pressure application: Braces apply continuous pressure through brackets, wires, attachments, and elastics, while aligners rely on sequential trays and attachments.
- Visibility: Aligners and ceramic braces are more discreet than metal braces.
- Lifestyle: Aligners offer flexibility with food and oral hygiene, while braces require more careful cleaning around attachments and brackets.
Understanding how conventional braces, attachments, elastics, and aligners work helps clarify why different orthodontic options are recommended for different cases. Conventional braces offer precise control for complex movements, while aligners provide a removable and discreet alternative when suitable.
Our team can assess your teeth, bite, and treatment goals to recommend the most effective option for achieving long-term alignment and a healthier smile. Get a free smile consultation today.
